Components for power electronics, automations, electronics, electric

Most of the fault wave localization methods are based on the analysis of line current transformed by current transformers and are limited to high voltage grids. Fault wave localization in medium voltage grids is still being developed. This paper presents a new real-time algorithm for the identification of travelling waves in a distribution grid using voltage signal and the short-time matrix pencil method. To obtain the secondary side voltage waveforms at substation, the model of a resistive voltage sensor based on the broadband measurements from 10 Hz to 20 MHz was developed. The tested sensor amplifies the frequencies associated with travelling waves more than utility frequency allowing for the identification. Short-circuit simulations on the IEEE 34-bus feeder was performed to test the algorithm. The developed method can detect even the waves of low amplitude.

Steel components are used in a wide range of different applications, and are subject to heavy stress due to environmental influences and the effects of climate change. Specialised coating systems provide essential corrosion protection, but must be inspected regularly. Precise and robust measuring gauges and clear documentation are essential when conducting these inspections.

The subject of explosion protection is described by a specific set of terms and definitions that have been permanently included in the process safety dictionary. Based on EU directives, standards and relevant regulations, a list of terms that are commonly used to characterize hazards in Ex zones has been created. The list is interdisciplinary and reflects the complexity of the proces safety issue.